Chapter III: Hedonism.
§ 57.
It seems to
me, then, that if we place fairly before us the question: Is consciousness of
pleasure the sole good? the answer must be: No. And with this the last defence
of Hedonism has been broken down. In order to put the question fairly we must
isolate consciousness of pleasure. We must ask: Suppose we were conscious of
pleasure only, and of nothing else, not even that we were conscious,
would that state of things, however great the quantity, be very desirable? No
one, I think, can suppose it so. On the other hand, it seems quite plain, that
we do regard as very desirable, many complicated states of mind in which the
consciousness of pleasure is combined with consciousness of other things—states
which we call enjoyment of
so and so. If this is correct, then it follows
that consciousness of pleasure is not the sole good, and that many other states,
in which it is included only as a part, are much better than it. Once we
recognise the principle of organic unities, any objection to this conclusion,
founded on the supposed fact that the other elements of such states have no
value in themselves, must disappear. And I do not know that I need say any more
in refutation of Hedonism. (§ 57 ¶ 1)