Book III: The Moral Ideal and Moral Progress.
Chapter I: Good and Moral Good.
§160.
Even if it were the case, however, that self-satisfaction was
more attainable than it is, and that the pleasure of success to the man who has
spurned delights and lived laborious days
really admitted of being set
against the pleasure missed in the process, it would none the less be a mere
confusion to treat this pleasure of success as the desired object, in the
realisation of which the man seeks to satisfy himself. A man may seek to satisfy
himself with pleasure, but the pleasure of self-satisfaction can never be that
with which he seeks to satisfy himself. This is equally true of the voluptuary
and of the saint. The voluptuary must have his ideas of pleasures, unconnected
with self-satisfaction, before he can seek self-satisfaction (where it is not to
be found) in the realisation of those ideas; just as much as the saint must have
ideas, not of pleasures but of services due to God and man, before he can seek
self-satisfaction in their fulfilment. Most men, however, at least in their
ordinary conduct, are neither voluptuaries nor saints; and we are falling into a
false antithesis if, having admitted (as is true) that the question of
self-satisfaction is the form of all moral activity, we allow no alternative (as
Kant in effect seems to allow none) between the quest for self-satisfaction in
the enjoyment of pleasure, and the quest for it in the fulfilment of a universal
practical law. Ordinary motives fall neither under the one head nor the other.
They are interests in the attainment of objects, without which it seems to the
man in his actual state that he cannot satisfy himself, and in attaining which,
because he has desired them, he will find a certain pleasure, but only because
he has previously desired them, not because pleasures are the objects desired.
(§160 ¶1)